Do online interviews lead to different results compared to personal interviews? Estimates of mode effects using a mixed mode survey

The increasing use of online surveys (CAWI) is a trend that became more pronounced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The switch from face-to-face interviews to online surveys raises the question of mode effects. Do the results of online surveys differ from those based on telephone interviews? This study examines this question using data from the AKCOVID Panel Survey, which has a mixed-mode design and was conducted in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of regression analyses for 46 different variables controlling for the sample characteristics of CAWI and CATI show that mode effects are topic-specific. For some topics, significant and substantial mode effects are estimated (social trust, worries about the future, financial problems and health). When people are interviewed by telephone, they answer more socially desirable, express worries less strongly, assess their financial situation, social status and health better, report more trust in other people, and present themselves as more prosocial than in CAWI interviews. Not or less affected by mode effects are 'factual' questions about crisis-related changes in income without reference to one's financial situation, questions about working conditions, family relations, or a range of political attitudes. The paper concludes that results of interviewer-led surveys from pre-pandemic times can often not be directly compared with current results based on online surveys and points to the importance of heterogeneous mode effects that are hitherto under-researched. © 2023, The Author(s).

Rumination about the Russo-Ukrainian War and its related factors among individuals in Poland and Ukraine.

The present study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the level of rumination about the war among people living in Poland and Ukraine. This cross-sectional study recruited internet users from advertisements on social media. Levels of rumination, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), time spent on news of the war, and related demographic variables were collected. The reliability and construct validity of rumination were estimated. Potential factors associated with the level of rumination were identified using univariate linear regression analysis, and further entered into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model to identify independent factors. Due to the non-normality of distribution, multivariate linear regression with 5000 bootstrap samples was used to verify the results. A total of 1438 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 1053 lived in Poland and 385 lived in Ukraine. The questionnaires on rumination were verified to have satisfactory reliability and validity. After analysis with stepwise and bootstrap regression, older age, female gender, higher DASS and IES-R scores, and longer time spent on news of the war were significantly associated with higher levels of rumination for both people living in Poland and Ukraine. Lower self-rated health status, history of chronic medical illness and coronavirus disease 2019 infection were also positively associated with rumination for people living in Poland. We identified several factors associated with the level of rumination about the Russo-Ukrainian War. Further investigations are warranted to understand how rumination affects individuals' lives during crises such as war.

Estimation of Intangible Costs for Factors Associated with Oral Antiviral Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment: A Conjoint Analysis in Japan.

INTRODUCTION: During the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preferences for factors associated with vaccines have been evaluated. Three oral antiviral drugs have been approved in Japan for patients with mild-to-moderate I COVID-19 symptoms. Although preferences for the drugs may also depend on various factors, these have not been fully evaluated. METHODS: A conjoint analysis was performed based on an online survey in August 2022 to estimate the intangible costs of factors associated with oral antiviral drugs for COVID-19. Respondents were individuals aged 20-69 across Japan. The attributes included the company (Japanese/foreign) that developed the drug, formulation and size of the drug, frequency of administration per day, number of tablets/capsules per dose, number of days until no longer infectious to others, and out-of-pocket expenses. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the utility of each level for each attribute. The intangible costs were calculated by comparing the utility to the out-of-pocket attribute. RESULTS: Responses were collected from 11,303 participants. The difference between levels was the largest for companies that developed a drug; the intangible costs were JPY 5390 higher for the foreign company than for the Japanese company. The next largest difference was in the number of days until one is no longer infectious. For the same formulation, the intangible cost was lower for small sizes than large sizes. For similar-sized tablets and capsules, the intangible cost was lower for tablets than capsules. These tendencies were similar regardless of COVID-19 infection history and the presence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 in the respondents. CONCLUSION: Intangible costs for factors associated with oral antiviral drugs among the Japanese population were estimated. The results may change as the number of people with a history of COVID-19 infection increases and significant progress is made regarding treatments.

Effects of Two-Year COVID-19 Pandemic on the Consumption of Beverages among Indonesia Women

The COVID-19 pandemic is suspected to change the consumption of beverages. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of the two-year COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of beverages among Indonesian women. For this purpose, an online survey was designed and performed via social media in Java. As many as 1773 women participated in this study. The results showed that the two-year COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on increasing the consumption of bottled water, drinking water, isotonic drink, energy drink, milk, juice, coconut water, and herbal drink. Meanwhile, the consumption of tea, coffee, and soft drink decreased. © 2023 UPM Press. All rights reserved.

Exploring Shared Trauma in the Time of COVID: A Simulation-Based Survey Study of Mental Health Clinicians.

From fear of contracting the virus, isolation from physical distancing, to navigating lifework balance, the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to leave long-lasting psychosocial impacts on many. Shared trauma refers to similar psychological reactions to an extraordinary community event when experienced by both the clinicians and clients. We examined the experiences mong mental health clinicians in Canada and the United States (n = 196) in this online survey study during the second phase of the pandemic (Spring 2021). In addition to using traditional survey items (e.g., demographics, scales, and short answers), we also used video-recorded Simulated Clients (SC; i.e., professional actors) as a novel method to elicit the participants' assessment of the SCs and the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using shared trauma as a theoretical framework, we analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative results suggested that although these mental health clinicians certainly reported experiencing psychosocial impacts of the pandemic themselves, these shared experiences with client and general populations did not greatly impact how they understood the SCs. Qualitative results helped further contextualize the clinicians' own personal and professional lives. Implications for clinical practice and further research related to shared trauma are discussed.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss of Korean athletes: changes in athletes' physical activity and eating behavior.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the physical activity and eating habits of elite athletes to identify changes in their weight and participation levels in competitions pre- and post-COVID-19, and to establish a database of the abovementioned factors for the post-COVID-19 period. METHODS: This study surveyed 913 elite adult athletes from 22 sports. They were divided into two groups: weight loss athletes' group (WLG) and non-weight loss athletes' group (NWLG). In addition to demographic factors, the questionnaire included questions about physical activity, sleep, and eating habits pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included 46 questions requiring short subjective answers. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: In the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, physical activity and sitting decreased in athletes of both groups. The difference in the number of meals consumed by both groups varied, and the number of tournaments the athletes participated in decreased for all sports. The success or failure of weight loss is essential for maintaining athletes' performance and health. CONCLUSION: Coaches play an important role in investigating and managing the weight loss regimen of athletes during crisis situations like a pandemic. Additionally, athletes must find the best way to maintain their competencies to the standards set before COVID-19. Adhering to such a regimen will have the greatest impact on their tournament participation in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Managing North-South Research Collaboration Projects During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study

Researchers from the Global North and South have collaborated for decades to conduct cutting-edge interdisciplinary research. The tools they used to manage their research projects remained virtually unchanged until the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak early in 2020. Since then, a lot has changed, including the nature and dynamics of research collaboration. How are researchers and project managers adapting to this change? Survey data, semi-structured interviews, and personal accounts from 102 respondents from 33 countries are used in this empirical study to investigate the impact of the pandemic on research collaboration projects. An independent non-parametric t-test revealed a significant difference in the research collaboration infrastructure and home environment between Global North and global South collaborators. The findings have practical implications for people involved in collaborative research projects, funding agencies, project management professionals, and universities interested in pursuing or sustaining North-South research collaboration during the pandemic.

Post-Covid-19 Symptoms, an Online Survey in Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged COVID-19 symptoms is one of the major challenges in the management of the disease. As the number of COVID-19 cases increased drastically, the number of those with prolonged symptoms are also accumulating, either diagnosed or undiagnosed. This study aimed to identify the long-term clinical symptoms of COVID- 19 and the associated risk factors among Malaysian populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using Google Form link for distribution of a selfadministered questionnaire was shared and disseminated via online platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram. The inclusion criteria included those with a history of positive COVID-19 from 1st March 2020 until one month prior to the survey, and age above 18 years old. RESULTS: A total of 215 Malaysians participated, with 74% female respondents and a mean age of 36.4 years. Twenty-seven (12.6%) were asymptomatic when diagnosed with COVID-19. More than half (56%) still had symptoms at one-month of diagnosis, while 39% and 18% still had symptoms at the second and third months respectively. The most reported symptoms were lethargy (45.1%), difficult concentrating (22.3%) and cough (21.9%). Female, chronic lung disease and hypertension were significantly associated with prolonged symptoms at one month of COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Lethargy, difficulty to concentrate and cough were the most common symptoms reported months after COVID-19 diagnosis. Apart from treating acute conditions, physicians should also be able to recognize and manage those symptoms. The findings of this study will help policymakers better grasp the social and economic consequences of long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Evolution of the trust in collective responsibility to deal with the pandemic: some findings of an online survey in two moments

Social trust is highlighted in various studies as a very important factor in achieving greater compliance with regulations and measures aimed at preventing COVID-19 infections. However, other studies also conclude that this same trust has been negatively affected by the pandemic and the situations experienced by the population in the two years after begining. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge and debate on this important issue by offering some findings from an online survey carried out on the Spanish population at two crucial moments in the pandemic: the first and the third wave of infections.

Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Cross-National Survey

To help prevent the spread of COVID-19, countries around the world have implemented a range of measures and virus containment strategies, including digital contact-tracing (DCT) in the form of smartphone apps. While early studies showed a high level of acceptability of such technologies, the adoption rates varied greatly between countries after contact-tracing apps became available to download. This cross-national user survey (n=871) aims to explore public attitudes and factors that affect user acceptability and adoption of contact-tracing apps in the USA, UK, and the Republic of Ireland, which employ similar underlying technology, but have uneven adoption rates. The results indicate interactions between installation decisions and public trust in actors and institutions communicating COVID-related information, and releasing such technologies. Beyond the immediate case of contact tracing, our findings hold implications for the deployment and communicative framing of technology for public health and the public good, and inform the design of crisis response public health information systems.

Online Survey Data on Economic Effects of Lockdowns and Post-Stratification Data Adjustment: Evidence from Bulgaria

This contribution aims to discuss an original survey methodology, conceived in lockdown conditions, when face to face interviewing was prohibited and economic and sociological research faced obstacles in obtaining empirical data. An original pseudo-longitudinal Covid-CAWI is conducted in two fully harmonized waves. The basic methodological principles are elucidated along with limitations and advantages within the context of anti-epidemic measures and lockdowns in Bulgaria. The article elaborates the steps of data cleaning, conducted as an essential pre-processing step to high level of data quality. Special focus is devoted to posterior data optimization, using post-stratification adjustments. A comparison between weighted and unweighted data on economic effects is analysed. The paper contributes to the scientific debate on methodology insofar as online surveys become the one and only research opportunity for quantitative research in a crisis situation. The presented analysis of subsequent optimization procedures in Internet studies aims to open a discussion, especially in the context of socioeconomic research in a crisis situation where there are physical distance constraints. The data from the Covid-CAWI survey will be available for open access, so all interested in research may analyse the effects of the pandemic on social and economic life and debate on survey methodology. © 2023, University of National and World Economy. All rights reserved.

Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic costs due to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A rapid online survey.

Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a substantial socioeconomic impact, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Purposes/objectives: This study aimed to describe the COVID-19-related out-of-pocket spending of Indonesian citizens and the proportion of whom experienced catastrophic health spending during the COVID-19 pandemic using the patient's perspective. Methodology: We conducted a rapid cross-sectional online survey across provinces in Indonesia to capture participants' experiences due to COVID-19. Data were collected between September 23rd to October 7th of 2021 including demographics, income, and expenditures. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the respondents' characteristics. Patients's perspective of total cost was estimated from out-of-pocket of COVID-19 direct costs and compared them to total expenditure. If the proportion of COVID-19 total costs exceeded 40% of the total expenditure, the respondents were deemed to have faced catastrophic costs. Results: A total of 1,859 respondents answered the questionnaire. The average monthly income and expenditure of respondents were 800 USD, and 667 USD respectively. The monthly expenditure was categorized into food expenditure (367 USD) and non-food expenditure (320 USD). The average of COVID-19-related monthly expenditure was 226 USD, including diagnostic expenditure (36 USD), preventive expenditure (58 USD), medical expenditure (37 USD for COVID-19 treatment; and 57 USD for post-COVID-19 medical expenses), and non-medical expenditure (30 USD). Analysis showed that 18.6% of all respondents experienced catastrophic costs while 38.6% of the respondents who had COVID-19 treatment experienced catastrophic costs. Conclusion: The high proportion of catastrophic costs among respondents suggests the need for COVID-19 social protection, especially for COVID-19 diagnostic and prevention costs. The survey findings have led the government to increase the benefit coverage other than medical costs at the hospitals.

How the Covid-19 Pandemic Affects Housing Design to Adapt With Households' New Needs in Egypt?

As of late, "STAY AT HOME” is the main slogan;household needs are constantly changing for many reasons, such as the change in the human life cycle, the shift to smart cities, and adopting new modern technologies to reduce the risks. However, while moving to a smart solution, many forgotten social dimensions are being interpreted into the design of many services, including housing. Accordingly, this study aims to explore housing flexibility through a review of relevant literature and how housing design will change to accommodate new needs through quarantine and spread of Corona virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) to formulate new design codes for stakeholders and real-estate developers to consider in the future. It examines the impact of quarantine on personal household priorities, house design, and how they innovate in their interior design to suit their new needs by conducting a wide online social survey. The research uses an online survey to evaluate the importance of the new arrangement of household requirements using quantitative analysis tools and techniques. The findings display housing guidelines to apply housing design flexibility to cope with any external or internal changes that may happen in the next period and affect household needs in smart cities and others. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Impact of Emergency Online Classes on Students' Motivation and Engagement in University During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study Case

The Covid-19 pandemic has had dramatic impact on many dimensions of living and studying conditions of students at University. This paper analyses student satisfaction and motivation during the lockdown period and try to understand whether different socio-economic and environmental conditions have influenced needs and demands of students during the emergency online didactics. Drawing from the results of a questionnaire administered to students enrolled in the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, this research is aimed at describing which factors, beyond the quality and the professionalism of the lecturers and the quality of the education received, influence the satisfaction with the online learning experience and impact on students' motivations and perceived engagement. Moreover, the study investigates the pandemic's direct effects on gender differences and inequalities, analysing the obstacles affecting the self-organization of study at home. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Mental wellbeing and psychological distress in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison across time

This study aimed to assess the trajectory of wellbeing and psychological distress in a UK sample by comparing data taken from the first and second UK lockdowns. Wellbeing (indexed via the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) and psychological distress (indexed via the K10) were measured in two surveys in large online samples from Wales, UK. The first survey (n = 12,989) took place 11–16 weeks into the first UK lockdown and the second survey (n = 10,428) took place 4–11 weeks into the second UK lockdown. Levels of wellbeing were lower in the second survey compared to the first survey, which were already low compared to pre-pandemic data (2019). Clinically significant levels of psychological distress were found in 40.4% of participants in the second survey, representing a 9.8% increase in prevalence from the first survey. Poorer mental health was found in women, younger adults, and those from deprived areas. The greatest reduction in mental health was found in the youngest age group (16-24 years old). The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to curb its spread continue to negatively impact the wellbeing of the UK population. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Advances in Mental Health is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

COVID-19 Television Audience Program Choices: Analysis of How Nigerians Consume Television During the Pandemic

This chapter is anchored on the uses and gratification theory and starts off with a background review on television viewers' choices of media programs and the decision of audiences to select what they see or hear from available content. Key factors that influence viewers' selection and consumption of TV programs are considered. Experimentation into how Nigerians consumed TV programs before and during Nigeria's first phase of the COVID-19 lockdown measures is assessed. Using a semi-structured online questionnaire, data was obtained from 457 respondents, from 27 out of the 36 states of Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory, between April 27, 2020, and May 21, 2020. The results showed that most respondents doubled their consumption of TV programs to combat boredom, get information on COVID-19, and get spiritual inspiration. They also indicated there is no significant relationship between gender and the amount of time spent viewing TV during the lockdown period. Possible reasons for this included (1) both male and female viewers were confined to their home and had equal time to spend viewing television, and (2) couples living together usually watch TV alongside each other. This second reason correlated with program choices, noting that movies, news, and religious programs were preferred over food networks, sports, and documentaries. Additional findings indicated a preference for local TV channels versus foreign ones and the need for the Federal government to improve the recurring problem of inconsistent power supply as many Nigerians reported this as a reason they did not watch TV. Moreover, traditional versus digital media consumption is considered as well as the Federal and state governments handling of COVID-19. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

[Acceptance of video consultation among patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases depends on gender and location-Results of an online survey among patients and physicians]. / Akzeptanz der Videosprechstunde unter Patienten/innen mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen ist geschlechts- und ortsabhängig ­ Ergebnisse einer Online-Umfrage unter Patienten/innen und Ärzten/innen.

INTRODUCTION: In order to successfully integrate telemedicine into the daily routine of rheumatology, both the patient's and the physician's perspective are important. For this purpose, a detailed study by means of a web-based survey was conducted by the Working Group Young Rheumatology (AGJR) of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) and the German Rheumatism League National Association. By means of subgroup analysis of the data regarding video consultation, the aim was now to find out which requirements and wishes patients and physicians have for video consultations. METHODS: The prospective survey was distributed via social media, QR code and email. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis related to video consultation were performed and correlations were shown. RESULTS: The data indicated positive attitudes toward video consultation on the part of both patients (n = 299) and rheumatologists (n = 129). A correlation between age and positive opinion of the video consultation was found among the patients (r = 0.161, p = 0.006), especially among female patients a positive approval of the video consultation was found with increasing age (r = 0.244, p < 0.001 to male patients: r = -0.190, p = 0.145). Regarding the travelling time to the treating rheumatologist, male patients found the video consultation more attractive with increasing travelling time (r = 0.229, p = 0.078). With respect to the wishes of patients and physicians, video consultation should be used primarily for follow-up or emergency appointments. Video consultation for initial appointments, on the other hand, was very rarely mentioned. CONCLUSION: During the COVID 19 pandemic, video consultation was increasingly popular among rheumatology patients as well as among rheumatologists.

Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Fear of COVID-19: an Online-Based Cross-cultural Study.

The study aimed to measure Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) and fear level towards COVID-19 and explore its cross-cultural variances in knowledge by sociodemographic factors among the general population of 8 different countries over 5 continents. It was a cross-sectional online survey. This survey was conducted in April 2020 among 1296 participants using the "Google Form" platform. Considering the social distancing formula and pandemic situation, we collect data using popular social media networks. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to explore the collected data on KAP, fear, and sociodemographic factors. Overall knowledge score was 9.7 ± 1.7 (out of 12), and gender differences (female vs male: 9.8 ± 1.6 vs 9.5 ± 1.9) were significant (p = 0.008) in the bivariate analysis. Knowledge score variances were found significant in some regions by gender, marital status, and education qualification. The highest and lowest mean knowledge scores were recorded in the Middle East (10.0 ± 1.7) and Europe (9.3 ± 2.0). Despite having a high fear score (22.5 ± 5.6 out of 35), 78.35% of respondents were positively and 81.7% in a good practice level. Fear score rankings: Middle East (1st; 23.8 ± 5.5), Europe (2nd; 23.2 ± 5.8), Africa (3rd; 22.7 ± 5.0), South Asia (4th; 22.1 ± 5.7), Oceania (5th; 21.9 ± 5.8), and North America (6th; 21.7 ± 5.5). Fear and knowledge were not correlated. KAP and fear variation exist among geographical regions. Gender, marital status, and education qualification are factors in knowledge variances for some regions. KAP and fear measures can help health education programs consider some sociodemographic factors and regions during an outbreak of highly contagious disease and uplift a positive attitude and good practice. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00638-4.

Emotional Distress During COVID-19 by Mental Health Conditions and Economic Vulnerability: Retrospective Analysis of Survey-Linked Twitter Data With a Semisupervised Machine Learning Algorithm.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring the psychological conditions of social media users during rapidly developing public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, using their posts on social media has rapidly gained popularity as a relatively easy and cost-effective method. However, the characteristics of individuals who created these posts are largely unknown, making it difficult to identify groups of individuals most affected by such crises. In addition, large annotated data sets for mental health conditions are not easily available, and thus, supervised machine learning algorithms can be infeasible or too costly. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a machine learning framework for the real-time surveillance of mental health conditions that does not require extensive training data. Using survey-linked tweets, we tracked the level of emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic by the attributes and psychological conditions of social media users in Japan. METHODS: We conducted online surveys of adults residing in Japan in May 2022 and collected their basic demographic information, socioeconomic status, and mental health conditions, along with their Twitter handles (N=2432). We computed emotional distress scores for all the tweets posted by the study participants between January 1, 2019, and May 30, 2022 (N=2,493,682) using a semisupervised algorithm called latent semantic scaling (LSS), with higher values indicating higher levels of emotional distress. After excluding users by age and other criteria, we examined 495,021 (19.85%) tweets generated by 560 (23.03%) individuals (age 18-49 years) in 2019 and 2020. We estimated fixed-effect regression models to examine their emotional distress levels in 2020 relative to the corresponding weeks in 2019 by the mental health conditions and characteristics of social media users. RESULTS: The estimated level of emotional distress of our study participants increased in the week when school closure started (March 2020), and it peaked at the beginning of the state of emergency (estimated coefficient=0.219, 95% CI 0.162-0.276) in early April 2020. Their level of emotional distress was unrelated to the number of COVID-19 cases. We found that the government-induced restrictions disproportionately affected the psychological conditions of vulnerable individuals, including those with low income, precarious employment, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes a framework to implement near-real-time monitoring of the emotional distress level of social media users, highlighting a great potential to continuously monitor their well-being using survey-linked social media posts as a complement to administrative and large-scale survey data. Given its flexibility and adaptability, the proposed framework is easily extendable for other purposes, such as detecting suicidality among social media users, and can be used on streaming data for continuous measurement of the conditions and sentiment of any group of interest.

Changes in work/sleep patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with psychological distress among Japanese workers.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted working life quality. This study investigated whether changes in work/sleep patterns due to the pandemic are related to poor psychological status among Japanese workers during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (December 2020). We hypothesized that workers who experienced drastic changes in working hours and sleep duration would be at an increased risk of psychological distress. Methods: A cross-sectional self-administered Internet survey was conducted that included questions regarding socio-demographics, lifestyle, health, and occupational background and conditions. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine the association between psychological distress and a combination of changes in working hours and sleep duration. Results: Among 25,762 workers, decreased work hours and decreased sleep duration presented 2.59 times higher odds of psychological distress (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.05-3.28) compared to those who had no changes in work hours combined with unchanged sleep duration (reference group). Increased work hours and decreased sleep duration were associated with 1.98 times higher odds of psychological distress (95% CI = 1.64-2.39). Conclusion: Our observations confirmed that decreased sleep duration could be a key factor for psychological distress, irrespective of working hours. Interestingly, workers with a combination of decreased work hours and sleep duration posed the highest risk of psychological distress. Decreased work hours accompanied by financial difficulties in the early stage of the pandemic may have caused decreased sleep duration, resulting in a high prevalence of psychological distress. Our study underlined the importance of sleep management in maintaining workers' mental health, moreover, the need to consider situations and conditions of other daily tasks, such as work hours, for better sleep management.